تاريخ الحضارة الإسلامية: إرث علمي غيّر حضارة العالم

Factual coreconfirmed by several independent voices

Insufficient core: not enough independent confirmations to retain a shared fact.

Disputedincompatible versions — to verify

No factual contradiction detected between sources.

Framing by sidesame fact, different words — loaded terms highlighted

No notable framing divergence.

Blind spotwhat one side keeps silent

No blind spot detected: every side covers the same facts.

Sources1 source cross-checked